*Mucosal Flaps (Partial Thickness Flaps) and the Importance of the Periosteum in Periodontal Surgeries

*This article is for dentists and dental students.

Choosing the right flap and applying correct surgical techniques are key to achieving successful outcomes in periodontal surgeries. Mucogingival surgeries, especially those applied to treat gingival recession, greatly benefit from mucosal flaps (partial thickness flaps).

What are Mucosal Flaps?

Mucosal flaps include the epithelium and the underlying partial connective tissue. These flaps are lifted without touching the periosteum, which provides excellent flap mobility. Also known as partial thickness flaps, this technique is particularly useful in coronally positioned flap operations aimed at covering gingival recession.

Advantages of Mucosal Flaps

• Flap Mobility: Since the periosteum is not touched, the flap can be moved much more easily. This makes it easier to position and fix the flap in the desired location.

• Reduced Risk of Complications: Lifting mucosal flaps without touching the periosteum preserves the periosteum, reducing the risk of complications such as infection and tissue necrosis after the surgical procedure. This is because the periosteum is rich in nourishing blood vessels.

The Importance and Role of the Periosteum

The periosteum is a dense connective tissue that covers the surface of the bone and plays a crucial role in flap tension. Because the periosteum has a tight connection to the bone, it enhances flap stability and helps maintain its correct position. In periodontal plastic surgery, the periosteum can be considered an excellent supportive tissue for securing transferred grafts.

Periodontal surgery - partial thickness flap